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| c. 1000 |
| | | Iceland's parliament, the althing, passes a resolution that everyone on the island is to be baptized | |
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| c. 1000 |
| | | A trading centre at Mapungubwe, on the Limpopo, evolves into a state ruled by a king in a zimbabwe | |
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| c. 1030 |
| | | Yaroslav commissions Russkaya Pravda ('Russian truth'), a code of Russia's laws | |
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| 1075 |
| | | Pope Gregory VII decrees that only the church may make ecclesiastical appointments, thus initiating the investiture controversy between pope and emperor | |
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| 1077 |
| | | The emperor Henry IV stands as a penitent outside the pope's castle at Canossa, so as to be released from excommunication. | |
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| c. 1080 |
| | | Norman earls are given territories on the marches of Wales, with the specific task of raiding their neighbours | |
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| 1091 |
| | | Roger I, the first Norman count of Sicily, completes the conquest of the island from the Muslims | |
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| 1094 |
| | | Rodrigo Diaz, known as El Cid, drives out the Muslims and wins Valencia | |
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| c. 1109 |
| | | The crusaders now rule the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, the principality of Antioch and the counties of Tripoli and Edessa | |
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| 1139 |
| | | Victory over the Muslims at Ourique is seen as the moment of Portugal's independence from the kingdom of Leon | |
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